Dhaka capital of Bangladesh

Sapla Cottor in Dhaka

Dhaka (formerly Dacca) is the capital and largest city of the South Asian state of Bangladesh. Administratively it is the main city of Dhaka division of the country. Geographically it is located in a flat area on the north bank of the river Buriganga in central Bangladesh. Dhaka is a super-metropolis or megacity; The population of Dhaka metropolitan area is about 21 million.It is the second largest city in South Asia in terms of population (after Delhi) and the 7th largest in the world. Dhaka is the most densely populated metropolis in the world in terms of population density; With an area of ​​306 sq km, the city has an area of ​​23,000 people per sq km. The city of Dhaka is also known as the "city of mosques". There are more than 1000 mosques here. Dhaka is also known as the "Rickshaw Capital". About 5 lakh rickshaws ply in this city every day. At present Dhaka is one of the major cultural, educational and commercial centers of South Asia. The climate of Dhaka city is tropical, humid and dry. The average temperature is about 34 degrees Celsius in April and a minimum of about 13 degrees Celsius in January. During the monsoon season in Dhaka city from May to September, the average rainfall is more than 300 mm per month. In the seventeenth century, old Dhaka was the provincial capital of Bengal (Province of Bengal) in the early morning of the Mughal Empire. During the reign of Mughal Emperor Jahangir, this city was known as Jahangir Nagar. Dhaka was a center of global muslin trade and traders from all over the world used to come here for the purpose of trade. The best muslin cloth in the world was produced in Dhaka. Although the modern city of Dhaka developed during the British rule in the nineteenth century, the Nawabs ruled Dhaka at this time. At this time Dhaka became the second largest city of the Bengal Presidency after Calcutta. After the Partition of Bengal in 1905, Dhaka became the capital of the newly formed provinces of East Bengal and Assam. After the partition of India in 1947, Dhaka became the administrative capital of East Pakistan.Between 1950 and 1970, the city became the center of various social, nationalist and pro-democracy movements. In 1971, Dhaka was declared the "Capital of the Independent Bangladesh State". The city has witnessed a number of turbulent events in the past, including martial law, Bangladesh's declaration of independence, military repression, war and natural disasters. According to Article 5 (a) of the Constitution of Bangladesh, Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. 

Dhaka

Modern Dhaka is the main center of political, cultural and economic life of Bangladesh. It has acclaimed national attractions such as the National Assembly building,Dhaka College, Dhaka University, Liberation War Museum, Bangladesh National Museum, Lalbagh Fort, Ahsan Manzil, Hatirjheel, Jagannath University, Jahangirnagar University, National Memorial, Central Shaheed Minar, Tara Mosque, Dhakeswari Temple, Armenian Church etc. Although the urban infrastructure of this city is the best in the world, urban problems such as pollution, traffic congestion and lack of adequate services due to population growth are evident here. The modernization of Dhaka's transport, communication and public works systems in recent decades is particularly noteworthy.Currently, the city has been able to attract a lot of foreign investment and expand the scope of trade. Many people from all over the country come to Dhaka in search of life and livelihood. Due to this, Dhaka has become the fastest growing city in the world, and various countries including Malaysia, Japan and China are cooperating and investing in the implementation of this goal.

Naming history

Entrance to the Armenian Church in Old Dhaka

There is widespread disagreement over the exact history of naming Dhaka. It is said that King Ballal Sen of the Sen dynasty found an idol of the Hindu goddess Durga in a nearby forest while traveling on the banks of the river Buriganga. In honor of Goddess Durga, King Ballal Sen established a temple in the area. Since the idol of the goddess was found in Dhaka or in a hidden state, the king named the temple Dhakeswari Mandir.

The name of the place is derived from the name of the temple in time. [22] According to many historians, when the Mughal emperor Jahangir declared Dhaka as the capital of Subah Bengal; Then Subaddar Islam Khan ordered to play "Dhak" in the city as an expression of joy. The story of playing this dhak became a popular legend and from that the name of the city became Dhaka. It may be mentioned here that for some time during the Mughal Empire, Dhaka was known as Jahangirnagar in honor of Emperor Jahangir. The city of Dhaka is now divided into two parts - Dhaka South and Dhaka North. Dhaka South is the old main city. Dhaka consists of the newly expanded suburbs of North Dhaka.

History and tradition

 

The fort of Lalbagh is an installation of the Mughal period

Elephant herd races in the Peelkhana area during the period 1895-1900.

It is believed that in the course of time, Dhaka was first included in the states of Samatata, then Bengal and Gaur. Dhaka was occupied by Muslims in the late 13th century. According to the edict of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir, Dhaka was declared the capital of Subah Bengal on 16 July 1610 AD. The capital was named Jahangirnagar after Emperor Jahangir. This name was maintained till the lifetime of Emperor Jahangir.

Earlier, during the reign of Emperor Akbar, the provincial capital of Bengal-Bihar-Orissa was the Rajmahal of Bihar. Suba Bengal was then ruled by the anti-Mughal independent Bara Bhuiyans. Repeated attempts were made from 158 to 1605 AD to subdue Bengal from the control of the Bara BhuiyansThen, in 1608, during the reign of Emperor Jahangir, Islam Khan appointed Chishti as Subedar of Rajmahal. He moved the capital from Rajmahal to Dhaka in 1810 considering the geographical location of Bengal.

Within just five years of Subedar Islam Khan Chishti taking charge, the Bara Bhuiyans fell and the whole of Suba came under the control of the Bengali Mughal Empire, except for parts of present-day Chittagong.

Although Dhaka was the capital of Suba Bengal in 1810, the capital of Subah Bengal has been changed many times. In 1650, Subedar Shah Shuja again shifted the capital to Rajmahal. After the fall of Shah Sujar, in 160 AD, Subedar Mir Jumla again shifted the capital to Dhaka.

Subedar Murshid Quli Khan shifted the capital to Murshidabad in 1618 after Dhaka enjoyed the status of the capital for some time. Then during the Mughal rule in Dhaka, the rule of Nayeb Nazims continued, which lasted till the beginning of British rule in 1793. When the British chose Calcutta as their capital, the importance of Dhaka diminished again.After a long time, in 1905, Dhaka regained its importance. After the partition of Bengal in 1905, Dhaka was made the capital of Assam and Bengal. In the face of congressional obstruction, the British Raj moved the capital back to Calcutta in 1911.  Part 1-- continu……..